{"title":"Archive","description":"Archive of Sold Compasses","products":[{"product_id":"james-parkes-early-victorian-wooden-box-compass-c-1840","title":"James Parkes Early Victorian Wooden Box Compass c.1850","description":"\u003cp\u003eA rare early Victorian mahogany cased compass by the well known Birmingham scientific instrument maker, James Parkes. James Parkes was a manufacturer of telescopes who founded his company in 1839.  He was succeeded by his son and the company was renamed James Parkes \u0026amp; Son. Both companies traded from 5, St. Mary’s Row, Birmingham. Parkes's very distinctive trademark was a human left eye shown open together with an eyebrow. The company exhibited their scientific instruments, including a variety of pocket compasses, at the 1851 Great Exhibition in London. In their 1859 catalogue the company were described as 'Instrument Makers to the Board of Trade'. The company was still operating in 1908, under the ownership of Samuel Hickling Parkes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in good, original condition and full working order. It finds north very well. The hand-drawn compass card is in very good condition. There is an automatic transit lock operated by a small pin which locks the needle when the lid is closed.  The compass needle has lost some of its original blued finish. The wooden case is in good condition, with a lovely patina, strong hinges and locking clasp.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions: \u003c\/strong\u003e75mm x 75mm x 20mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1326198264,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/James_Parkes08.jpg?v=1492587281"},{"product_id":"lawrence-mayo-henri-chatelain-rotary-map-measurer-c-1900","title":"Lawrence \u0026 Mayo Henri Chatelain Rotary Map Measurer c.1900","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003eA very nice example of a 'HC' (Henri Chatelain) map measurer, retailed by Lawrence \u0026amp; Mayo of London. 29mm in diameter, this is a very small and beautifully made instrument for measuring distances on maps (Francis Barker made similar instruments to these at around the same time, their version was known as 'The Rotameter'). The inner and outer dials read to 25 feet and twelve inches respectively. The wheel is graduated in 1\/32 inches. Although primarily intended for use with maps, this instrument can also be used to measure distances on any flat surface, up to a maximum of 25 feet. Dating from the early 20th century, this map measurer was made in France and is marked on the back of the case: 'France, Depose HC, Lawrence \u0026amp; Mayo, London'. Lawrence \u0026amp; Mayo were founded in 1877 in London as opticians and makers of scientific instruments. By 1925 they had headquarters in New Oxford Street, London and showrooms all over the British Empire, from Alexandria to Bombay. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003eIn very good condition and full working order.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 29mm diameter\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1327346120,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Map_measure7.jpg?v=1491910717"},{"product_id":"early-francis-barker-rgs-pattern-pocket-compass-pre-1875","title":"Francis Barker 'RGS' Pattern Pocket Compass c.1875","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Francis Barker 'R.G.S.' Pattern pocket compass, dating from before 1875. This type of compass card design was mentioned in the Royal Geographical Society's \u003cem\u003eHints to Travellers\u003c\/em\u003e in 1871. This compass was produced by Francis Barker before the end of 1875, as it is stamped with the Barker pre-1875 style Trademark (with the letter 'S' facing the correct way round). This design was produced with either a paper or aluminium compass card. This example has the aluminium version. The design was registered by Francis Barker \u0026amp; Son Ltd in 1903, and after that date the registered number was usually printed on the card. Versions of this design were still appearing in scientific instrument catalogues in the late 1920s (J.H. Steward featured several examples in their 1928 catalogue). The compass has a blackened brass case, aluminium compass card in almost pristine condition, red dot North point, and jewelled pivot. The compass is in full working order and finds North well. It is clearly stamped with the Barker pre-1875 trademark on the bottom of the case.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn very good condition and full working order. The compass card is in lovely condition. The case retains much of its 'oxidised' finish, and the original glass is in good condition, with just a tiny, repaired crack at the edge under the friction ring.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 36mm (56mm including loop)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1403807620,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Barker_RGS_187507.jpg?v=1493641467"},{"product_id":"victorian-pocket-compass-c-1870","title":"Victorian Pocket Compass c.1870","description":"\u003cp\u003eA delicate and unusually small mid-Victorian leather cased pocket compass. This is a quite a rare antique compass, as this type of compass is not often seen in this compact size (27mm diameter). With a distinctive 19th century English blued needle and detailed compass card. The needle has gilt North and South markers and a brass pivot. In its original, blue velvet lined, morocco leather case. The case is in good condition, with the leather covering missing from the base. The rest of the leather covering is complete and in good condition. The original glass is in very good condition. The compass is in full working order and finds North well.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn very good, original condition and full working order, with the leather covering missing from the base of the case.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 27mm (diameter)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":15099491268,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Tiny_victorian09.jpg?v=1491585863"},{"product_id":"francis-barker-educational-prismatic-compass","title":"Francis Barker Educational Prismatic Compass","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very good example of a Francis Barker prismatic educational compass, dating from around the 1980's. With a jewelled pivot, screw-down transit lock, wooden case, and aluminium compass card. This model of educational compass was originally produced by Barker in the late 19th century. This compass is virtually identical to the early versions, the only major difference being that the 19th century ones had a paper compass card rather than the aluminium card found in this model. Details of the original model can be found in Paul Crespel's excellent book \u003cem\u003eTrade mark London\u003c\/em\u003e, (p.88)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn excellent condition and full working order. The transit lock works perfectly, the glass is unmarked and the wooden case is in exellent condition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDimensions: 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32341680264,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Barkere_educational_-_12.jpg?v=1493285480"},{"product_id":"j-h-steward-pocket-compass","title":"J. H. Steward Pocket Compass c.1890","description":"\u003cp\u003eA brass cased J. H. Steward pocket compass,  dating from c.1890-1928. The compass card is marked 'J. H. Steward Ltd, London'. This design was still being produced in the 1920's and several versions were offered for sale in Steward's 1928 catalogue. The card design was a development of the classic Singer's Patent design of the 1860's. The compass features a hand drawn paper compass card with red 'N' marker, agate jewelled pivot, manual transit lock, bevelled glass, and an oxidised finish brass case.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJames Henry Steward\u003c\/strong\u003e established his business in London in 1852. As a maker and retailer of optical, scientific, military and surveying instruments. J.H. Steward was the head optician of the company and had businesses at 406 Strand, 457 West Strand and 54 Cornhill in London. In the mid 1800s he became the optician to Her Majesty's Government and the National Rifle, and National Artillery Associations. James Henry Steward died in 1896. J. H. Steward Ltd was incorporated in 1912 and continued in business until the middle of the 20th century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in good condition and finds north well. There is some wear to the original oxidised finish of the case. The transit lock works perfectly. The compass card and original glass are in good condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 38mm (58 including loop)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":33064903240,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/J_H_Steward_compass_-_5.jpg?v=1543504317"},{"product_id":"r-bailey-of-birmingham-pocket-compass","title":"R. Bailey of Birmingham, Pocket Compass c.1890","description":"\u003cp\u003eA fine brass box pocket compass, signed by R. Bailey, 14 Bennett's Hill, Birmingham, dating from c.1880-1900. This compass features a brass case with press-fit lid, aluminium compass card, English bar needle and a jewelled pivot. It originally had an automatic transit lock operated by a lever on the edge of the case, but the lifting arm is now missing. In all other respects the compass is in excellent working order. The compass card is signed 'R. Bailey, 14 Bennetts Hill, Birmingham'. A high quality compass, it would have been produced by one of the best maker's of the time and retailed by Bailey from their Birmingham shop.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR. Bailey, Birmingham\u003c\/strong\u003e: Established in Birmingham in the 19th century, R. Bailey were a firm of opticians. During the 1890's they advertised their services as the official optician to the Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital. R. Bailey were active between c.1880-1900.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition and working order and finds North well. There are a few small marks on the compass card and some marks on the needle. The automatic transit lock is no longer operational. The brass case is in very good condition and the lid fits perfectly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 70mm x 15mm\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":34984348680,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Bennets_compass_-_12.jpg?v=1493060038"},{"product_id":"antique-henri-chatelain-rotary-map-measurer-c-1900","title":"Antique Henri Chatelain Rotary Map Measurer c.1900","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003eA rare example of a 'HC' (Henri Chatelain) twin dial map measurer, retailed by Alexander of Manchester. 29mm in diameter, this is a well made instrument for measuring lengths or distances on maps (Francis Barker made similar instruments to these at around the same time, their version was known as 'The Rotameter'). The main dial is calibrated in inches and reads from zero to 48 inches. The subsidiary dial is calibrated in 'Lines' and reads from zero to 16. It has a black handle, which is screw threaded and removable. Although probably mainly intended for use with maps, this instrument can also be used to measure distances on any flat surface. Dating from the late 19th or early 20th century, this instrument was made in France and is marked on the back of the case: 'Made in France, Depose HC'. It is also signed by the retailer, Alexander of Manchester. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003eIn very good condition and full working order.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50mm (main dial: 29mm diameter), length including handle: 115mm\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46053516296,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Opisometer_black_-_3.jpg?v=1768844654"},{"product_id":"ww1-christmas-truce-officers-compass","title":"1914 Christmas Truce Machine Gun Officer's Compass","description":"A very rare WW1 machine gun officer’s compass clinometer, in its original fitted leather case. It is signed on the front by\u003cstrong\u003e J. Halden \u0026amp; Co Ltd, Manchester \u0026amp; London\u003c\/strong\u003e, a well known scientific and mathematical instrument company, established in Manchester in 1878 by Joseph Halden. The compass comes complete with its fitted leather case, an original WW1 photograph of Lieutenant Brockbank in uniform, and his ‘housewife’ mending kit, which no doubt saw plenty of use in the trenches.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis compass is inscribed with the name and details of it's original owner, \u003cstrong\u003eLieutenant Charles Bertram Brockbank\u003c\/strong\u003e, 6th Cheshire Regiment and 118th M.G. Coy., one of the very few officers known to have been present at a \u003cstrong\u003e1914 'Christmas Truce’ football match\u003c\/strong\u003e. Lt Brockbank wrote a very detailed diary recording his service in the trenches of the Western Front from 1914 to November 1916. The diary includes his eyewitness account of the famous football match played between men of his battalion (attached to the 1st Norfolks at the time) and a German regiment, in no mans land near Wulverghem (close to Messines and Ploegsteert Wood), on Christmas Day 1914:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDec 24th:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'I have got a new rifle from the armourer in exchange for my old one so am very bucked with myself. Orders have just arrived saying we are to go into the trenches for Xmas-Day which from my point of view is very disappointing, I had been hoping to spend it in billets. I should hate to be killed on Xmas-day it would not be right at all. It is freezing hard now’.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDec 25th:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e'I spent the most agonising night I ever remember, owing to the cold. It was freezing terribly hard and as we were in support trenches were not allowed fires. I was so cold and my feet so painful that I got out of the dugout and walked about, there was not much danger, stamping my feet till 4.30am, then was so fagged out I fell asleep but kept on waking owing to the pain of my feet, I quite thought I was frost-bitten. 7am. It was beginning to grow light but as there was a lot of mist I told the men they could light fires. They did not need telling twice. There is a farmhouse to the rear of the trenches where hens abound, also dead pigs, so taking two men with me we went on a henhunt. They fly like pheasants so took some catching and in about ten minutes there were about 60 men in the hunt. The fog lasted till about mid-day so we had good fun, getting in all eleven hens, one of which I brought back for tomorrow’s dinner.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNow for the extraordinary incident. At about 2.30 all firing ceased and the Germans started shouting to us “Come out”, “Have a drink”, and then one of them climbed out of the trench without his equipment on so one of ours did the same. It ended in a 'Mother’s Meeting', nearly every man of our trench, except machine gunners, was out and a huge crowd was between the trenches. Someone produced a little rubber ball so of course a football match started. We exchanged various things and I got a cap-badge, belt buckle, whistle, rifle cartridge, purse and tea tablets, not to mention getting about four Germans’ names and address in their own handwriting on field service postcards, as a positive proof that it all really did happen, because it will naturally sound a very tall story when it gets told in the billets.'\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLieutenant Brockbank’s diary featured in a special exhibition at the National Football Museum in Manchester in 2015. The diary is now held at the Cheshire Regiment Museum in Chester, and is also available to read online. Many newspaper articles have also been written about Lt Brockbank’s experiences in 1914. His account of the December 25th truce and football match was confirmed by the testimony of other men of the Cheshire Regiment who were there at the time, including Pte. Ernie Williams and Sgt. Major Naden.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLieutenant Charles Bertram Brockbank (1894-1976)\u003c\/strong\u003e served with 6th Battalion of the Cheshire Regiment and the 118th Machine Gun Company, M.G.C. He was commissioned in September 1914 and served in France and Belgium until November 1916. His last diary entry was on 12th Nov 1916: \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e‘Sunday. Moved up to the Schwaben this afternoon and got a good idea of our “battle-positions”. The Huns put a fairly stiff barrage down on our position but did no great damage. We are to go over the top \u0026amp; take St Pierre Divion whilst the Royal Naval Division take Beaumont Hamel. It should be fairly exciting as we have to cross over a bare skyline'.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring the action on the following day, Lieutenant Brockbank was buried by a large shell and was then uncovered by another explosion. He was invalided home to England with shell-shock. On his release from hospital, he was posted to Harrowby Camp, M.G.T.C., Grantham as an assistant Quartermaster. He was due to go back overseas when the Armistice was signed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe compass is in very good condition and finds North very well. It is in full working order, with a fully functioning transit lock. The spirit levels and flip up lenses are in full working order, and the main brass hinge is working very smoothly. The compass rule has 'Lt. Brockbank, 118th M.G. Coy.’ written on the rear. The matching original leather case is in very good condition, with just the normal signs of age and use. It is inscribed in ink on the rear ‘Lt. C. B. Brockbank, 118th Machine Gun Coy.’ The 'housewife' mending kit (including numerous buttons, needles, a thimble and two rolls of cotton) is in good condition, with general signs of use. The original portrait photograph of Lt. Brockbank is in good condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDimensions: 160mm x 48mm (compass diameter: 38mm), case 170mm x 50mm\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":506469974024,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Brockbank_MGC_-_14.jpg?v=1516655032"},{"product_id":"ww1-german-mauser-rifle-cartridge-compass","title":"WW1 German 1898 Mauser Rifle Cartridge Compass","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is an extremely rare and unusual compass, made from a German Mauser 1898 7.9mm service rifle cartridge case. The dimensions of the case and bullet have been checked against detailed scale drawings that can be found in the War Office publication \u003cem\u003eText Book of Small Arms\u003c\/em\u003e (1909). The compass is tiny (9.5mm diameter) and is concealed in the base of the cartridge case, where the primer would have been. At first glance this might seem to be a trench art item, probably from the First World War. But it is very well made, and has the German word '\u003cem\u003eGeschuetz\u003c\/em\u003e' stamped around the top of the case. This is the German term for 'Registered', generally found on commercially produced items which had registered or trademarked designs. It seems most likely that this compass would have been produced in Germany during WW1, perhaps as a gift that a soldier might present to a relative or friend. The case is decorated with intricate patterned engraving. The bullet itself is either silver or nickel plated (there are no hallmarks or other silver markings). The compass has a blued needle, brass pivot and bevelled glass. It is in very good working order and finds North well.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe cartridge case, bullet and compass are all in very good condition and full working order. There is some minor wear to the original finish of the brass case.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84mm length (bullet and case), \u003cbr\u003e9.5mm (compass diameter)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":7726001029172,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Bullet_compass_-_31.jpg?v=1625521573"},{"product_id":"cary-singers-patent-pocket-compass-c-1865","title":"Cary, London, Singer's Patent Compass c.1865","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn early example of a Singer's Patent pocket compass, dating from around 1865, with the serial number: 15878. The presence of the serial number means that the compass was certainly made before Singer's patent expired in 1868. The mother of pearl compass card is hand painted in the classic Singer's design, and marked 'Singer's Patent, No. 15878'. The card also has the maker's mark 'Cary, London'. The compass has a working transit lock. Originally, it may have had a push-fit lid, but there are no marks on the case to confirm this possibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSamuel Berry Singer (1796 - c.1875) \u003c\/strong\u003ewas a master mariner from Southampton when he patented his unique design in July 1861. Its high contrast design was intended to be much easier to read in low light than conventional compasses of the time. He did not benefit greatly from his invention, the patent lapsed in 1868, and he ended his days living in poverty in Kincardine on the Firth of Forth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCary, London:\u003c\/strong\u003e William Cary (1759 – 1825) was an English scientific-instrument maker. He produced numerous scientific instruments including mechanical calculators, measuring instruments, telescopes, microscopes, navigation and survey equipment. William Cary had three brothers, the eldest George (c.1753 - 1830) was a haberdasher while the second brother John, was a mapmaker who also worked with William and the last, Francis (c.1756 - 1836) was an engraver. Cary learnt the skills for producing instruments as an apprentice of Jesse Ramsdan (1735 - 1800). After his death in 1825, the firm was taken over by Charles Gould, who may have trained briefly under William Cary. The company continued trading for almost 100 years, being run by various members of the Gould family, including Charlotte Hyde Gould (c.1797 - 1865).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn good condition and working order. The compass finds north, although sometimes a little slowly. The mother of pearl card is in good condition. The transit lock is in working order. There is a little dust under the glass and some minor wear to the case.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 35mm (Diameter)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":8679881965620,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Cary_Singers_-_10.jpg?v=1528357375"},{"product_id":"georgian-pocket-compass-c-1830","title":"Georgian Pocket Compass c.1830","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Georgian Brass box English pocket compass, with a press-fit lid, dating from c.1820-1840. With a paper compass card of a typically ornate, detailed Georgian style. The compass has a delicate and finely made blued needle, and a Georgian 'Crown' style brass pivot. In a lidded brass case, with an automatic transit lock operated when the lid is replaced. The compass is in full working order and finds North very well. Although there are no maker's marks, this is a high quality compass, undoubtedly from one of the finest makers of the time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn good, original condition, and excellent working order. The compass finds North very well. The transit lock is fully functional. With just the normal signs of age, and some wear to the original lacquered finish of the brass case and lid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 60mm diameter (depth: 15mm)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":9302243409972,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Georgian_compass_-_19.jpg?v=1534350397"},{"product_id":"georgian-pocket-compass-c-1820","title":"Georgian Pocket Compass c.1820","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Georgian Brass box English pocket compass, with a press-fit lid, dating from c.1800 - 1830. With a paper compass card of a typical Georgian style, and a fleur-de-lys marker at the North point. The compass has a jewelled pivot, and a brass case with a red painted interior. The compass is in full working order and finds North well. Although there are no maker's marks, this is a high quality compass, undoubtedly from one of the best makers of the time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn good, original condition, and full working order. The compass finds North well. With just the normal signs of age, and some wear to the original lacquered finish of the brass case and lid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50mm diameter (depth: 15mm)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":9516506153012,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Georgian_Red_-_24.jpg?v=1536219635"},{"product_id":"francis-barker-luminous-pocket-compass-c-1875","title":"Francis Barker Luminous Pocket Compass c.1875","description":"\u003cp\u003eA brass Hunter cased, English bar needle, Francis Barker \u0026amp; Son pocket compass, dating from c.1875 or earlier. The inside of the lid is clearly stamped with the pre-1875 Barker 'Trade Mark London' logo. The 'Trade Mark London' logo has the letter 'S' the right way round, identifying it as having been made before the end of 1875 (the 'S' was reversed after the death of Francis Barker in December 1875).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is an early version of the 'Improved Colonial, No. 3014' compass which was made by Barker and featured in many of their catalogues from the Victorian era until the mid 1920s. Further details of this particular compass design can be found in: \u003cem\u003eTrade Mark London\u003c\/em\u003e (p.236) by Paul Crespel, and at the trademarklondon.com website. It also features in Kornelia Takac's book \u003cem\u003eCompass Chronicles\u003c\/em\u003e on p.68.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis particular compass is unusual in that it has luminous paint markers at the four cardinal points. This type of luminous paint, most probably an early version of 'Balmain's Luminous Paint', was a compound of calcium sulphide. The paint was made luminous by exposure to sunlight or by burning a strip of magnesium ribbon near the compass card. It was patented in England in 1877 by William Balmain, and was often used in compasses during the late 19th century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCondition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in good condition, full working order and finds North well. There is some wear to the paper compass card, and some marks to the compass needle. The original transit lock is present and fully functional. The case is in good condition, with some marks. The glass is in good condition with a couple of small scratches.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDimensions: 45mm (excluding loop), 65mm (inc. loop)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFrancis Barker \u0026amp; Son\u003c\/strong\u003e: were established in London in 1848, as a maker of compasses and scientific instruments. Francis Barker produced a very wide range of compass designs over the years, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond, and many others. The company prospered until 1932, when it was taken over and became F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932). After WW2 the company changed hands several times and the name is now carried by Pyser-SGI. They continue to produce the renowned Barker M-73, widely acknowledged to be the world's finest prismatic compass.","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":13092608868404,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Barker_luminous_colonial_-_27.jpg?v=1538130219"},{"product_id":"antique-j-h-steward-surveyors-level","title":"Antique J. H. Steward Pocket Reflecting Sight Level","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn antique Pocket Reflecting Sight surveyors level made by J. H. Steward of London, probably c.1912. Sighting was carried out by looking through the eyepiece and viewing the reflection of the spirit level bubble in the internal mirror. Essentially, this is a simplified version of the Abney Level. The level is clearly marked 'J. H. Steward, 406 Strand, London'. The level comes with its original fitted leather case.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJames Henry Steward\u003c\/strong\u003e established his business in London in 1852. As a maker and retailer of optical, scientific, military and surveying instruments. J.H. Steward was the head optician of the company and had businesses at 406 Strand, 457 West Strand and 54 Cornhill in London. In the mid 1800s he became the optician to Her Majesty's Government and the National Rifle, and National Artillery Associations. James Henry Steward died in 1896. J. H. Steward Ltd was incorporated in 1912 and continued in business until the middle of the 20th century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn good condition and full working order. With some cosmetic wear to the original blackened finish. The fitted leather case is in very good condition. The name and address of the original owner is written inside the case.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions: \u003c\/strong\u003e105mm length (leather case: 120mm length)\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":13217438957620,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/J_H_Steward_level_-_8.jpg?v=1538578174"},{"product_id":"ww1-huet-french-artillery-compass","title":"WW1 Huet French Artillery Rangefinder Compass","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a rare and unusual French military rangefinder and compass instrument, made by Huet of Paris c.1911-1920, and used during WW1 by French artillery units. This type of instrument was known as a\u003ci\u003e Sitomètre\u003c\/i\u003e (or \u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic;\"\u003esitogoniomètre\u003c\/span\u003e) in French and \u003ci\u003eSitometer\u003c\/i\u003e in Swiss German. The name comes from the French expression for elevation angle which is called \u003ci\u003eangle de site \u003c\/i\u003ewhile the azimuth angle is called \u003ci\u003eangle de gisement\u003c\/i\u003e. The angle of elevation of the target can be viewed through a small window when the case is held vertically, while the bearing from magnetic north (Decigrade scale) can be read through a separate window when the case is held horizontally.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument has an aluminium case (with the serial no. 1413), containing the rangefinder or Sitometre elements and the compass. The case carries the maker's mark, 'Huet, Paris' and is also labelled 'Decigrades'. This term refers to a French military system of compass bearings. Around the time of the start of WW1, France was experimenting with the use of milliemes (6400 in a circle) for use with artillery sights instead of decigrades (4000 in a circle). Britain was also experimenting with milliemes, to replace degrees and minutes. 'Mils', as they became known, were adopted by France, although the earlier decigrade system also remained in use throughout World War I. The United States, which copied many French artillery practices, was one of many countries which also adopted the 'Mils' system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass itself is tiny (just 15mm diameter), but a very well made instrument, with a jewelled pivot and delicate needle. The rear of the case features a ruler marked in centimetres, and a scale intended to be used with 1\/80,000 scale French military maps.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in good condition, full working order, and finds North well. The Sitometer\/Rangefinder is in good condition and working order, with all the viewing windows clear and the scales legible. The spirit level element is in good working order. The aluminium case is in good condition, with just the usual signs of wear and use. The original fitted leather case is in good condition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e80mm length, 40mm width, 8mm depth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":13804435537972,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Huet_-_7.jpg?v=1625521498"},{"product_id":"victorian-solid-silver-pocket-compass-london-1897","title":"Victorian Silver Compass, Lewis Nightingale, London 1897","description":"\u003cp\u003eA solid silver English miniature pocket compass, made by the Victorian silversmith Lewis Nightingale, and hallmarked for London 1897. The compass has a sterling silver case, bevelled glass, English bar needle with a jewelled pivot, and a push-button transit lock. This compass would originally have been part of a barometer, compass, and thermometer compendium set, which would have been sold with all three instruments presented in a fitted morocco leather case. (photos of an identical compass, in a set made by Lewis Nightingale in 1895, can be seen at vavasseur-antiques.com\/portfolios\/scarce-miniature-silver-pocket-barometer-compendium-nightingale\/)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in good condition, full working order and finds North well. The solid silver case is in very good condition, with good clear hallmarks. The marks for Lewis Nightingale, 1897, sterling silver, and London are all easily legible. The original bevelled glass is in good condition, with some signs of wear and a few scratches. The compass card and bar needle are in very good condition. The transit lock is fully functional\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDimensions: 23mm diameter (35mm including loop)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLewis Nightingale\u003c\/strong\u003e: was an English silversmith working in Clerkenwell, London during the late Victorian period. Known as a maker of fine quality silver cases for barometers and compasses, his maker's mark was registered in 1894.","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":13931140612148,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Silver_compass_-_30.jpg?v=1547228792"},{"product_id":"georgian-brass-pocket-compass-c-1830","title":"Georgian Brass Pocket Compass c.1830","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Georgian Brass box English pocket compass, with a press-fit lid, dating from c.1820-1840. With a paper compass card of a typically ornate, detailed Georgian style. The compass has a delicate and finely made blued needle, and a Georgian 'Crown' style brass pivot. In a lidded brass case, with a beautifully engineered transit lock operated when the lid is replaced. There is a duplicate of the paper compass card inside the lid. The compass is in full working order and finds North very well. Although there are no maker's marks, this is a high quality compass, undoubtedly from one of the finest makers of the time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn good, original condition, and excellent working order. The compass finds North very well. The transit lock is fully functional. With just the normal signs of age, and some wear to the original lacquered finish of the brass case and lid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 57mm diameter (depth: 15mm)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":14032332783668,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Georgian_compass_2-19_-_10.jpg?v=1549211624"},{"product_id":"t-armstrong-sons-prismatic-pocket-compass-c-1880","title":"Thomas Armstrong Prismatic Pocket Compass \u0026 Case c.1880","description":"\u003cp\u003eA rare Greencard Prismatic Pocket Compass, signed by \u003cstrong\u003eThomas Armstrong, of Deansgate, Manchester\u003c\/strong\u003e, dating from c.1880. It was made by F. Barker \u0026amp; Son and has their distinctive reversed 'S' post-1875 'Trade Mark London' logo at North on the compass card. Barker would have supplied the compass to Armstrong's, who would then have added their own details to the card. It is very unusual to see both the maker's and the retailer's signature on the card - Barker usually supplied their instruments unsigned.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis type of compass was a development of Schmalcalder's Patent compass of 1812 which introduced the idea of using an optical prism, combined with a sighting vane, to improve accuracy when taking bearings. This compass has an oxidized brass case with a push-fit lid, hand-drawn Singer's Patent design compass card, jewelled pivot, optical prism, and folding sighting vane. There are luminous markers at North and South, painted with a special compound (most probably ‘Balmain’s Luminous Paint’, patented in 1877), which was activated by exposure to very bright light, often created by burning a strip of magnesium ribbon. The compass comes with its original morocco leather case, lined with blue velvet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe British Army used this type of compass from around 1860 to 1900. This particular example is unusual in that it is only 50mm in diameter. Most examples of this type of compass were larger, at around 70mm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThomas Armstrong \u0026amp; Brother, Manchester:\u003c\/strong\u003e Armstrong’s had been trading in Manchester since 1825, as jewellers and silversmiths. Around 1851 Thomas Armstrong expanded the business to include the manufacture of optical instruments. In 1868 he took his brother George into the business and changed its name to 'Thomas Armstrong \u0026amp; Brother'. This helps to date the compass to sometime after 1868, which also ties in with the Singer’s Patent style design of the card (Singer’s patent expired in 1868). During this period Armstrong's reputation was such that in 1891 the company won the contract to supply the War Office, the Admiralty, the Board of Trade, the India Office and the General Post Office (G.P.O) with scientific instruments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn excellent, near mint condition and full working order, with just some minor wear to the original morocco leather case.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eCompass: 50mm (diameter), 70mm including prism\u003cbr\u003eCase: 90mm (length), 25mm (depth)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":28675271458868,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Barker_Greencard_coffin_-_12.jpg?v=1581353771"},{"product_id":"victorian-wooden-box-compass","title":"Victorian Wooden Cased Pocket Compass c.1880","description":"\u003cp\u003eA rare Victorian mahogany cased compass, possibly made by Francis Barker c.1880. Although there are no maker's marks on the compass, the 'hidden' hinges are characteristic Barker design features. The wooden case is quite unusual in that it has a sliding brass button clasp. The elegant and minimalist card design is also very unusual, with just a star at the North point and letters at the other cardinal points. The compass has a English bar needle, jewelled pivot, aluminium card, and a transit lock operated when the lid is closed. A similar mahogany compass (with a standard clasp) can be seen in the 1907 Barker catalogue, reproduced on p.407 of Paul Crepsel's excellent book \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrade Mark London\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, which can be viewed at trademarklondon.com\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrancis Barker \u0026amp; Son\u003c\/strong\u003e: were established in London in 1848, as a maker of compasses and scientific instruments. Francis Barker produced a very wide range of compass designs over the years, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond, and many others. The company prospered until 1932, when it was taken over and became F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932). After WW2 the company changed hands several times and the name is now carried by Pyser-Optics. They continue to produce the renowned Barker M-73, widely acknowledged to be the world's finest prismatic compass.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good, original condition and full working order. It finds north very well. The hand-painted alluminium compass card is in very good condition. There is a transit lock operated by a small pin which locks the needle when the lid is closed. The wooden case is in very good condition, with a lovely patina, 'hidden' hinges, and a sliding button clasp.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions: \u003c\/strong\u003e75mm x 75mm x 23mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":29200101703732,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Barker_wooden_alloy_-_16.jpg?v=1565279703"},{"product_id":"francis-barker-colonial-pocket-compass-1","title":"Francis Barker 'Colonial' Pocket Compass","description":"\u003cp\u003eA brass Hunter cased, Francis Barker \u0026amp; Son pocket compass, dating from c.1890-1926. Although there are no maker's marks visible, this compass is the 'Improved Colonial, No. 3014' compass which was made by Barker and featured in many Barker catalogues from the 1890s until the mid 1920s. This one is unusual in that it has a glass window with an engraved sighting line in the lid, features not normally seen in this compass. Further details of this Barker compass design can be found in: \u003cem\u003eTrade Mark London\u003c\/em\u003e (p.236) by Paul Crespel, and at the trademarklondon.com website. It also features in Kornelia Takac's book \u003cem\u003eCompass Chronicles\u003c\/em\u003e on p.68.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order and finds North very well. The case is in very good condition with the original blackened finish in excellent condition. The dial glass is in very good condition. The lid glass has a crack, which is stable and secure, and I have left it in place to preserve the originality of the compass. (A new spare glass of the correct size will be included, in case you prefer to replace the original). The hand drawn paper compass card is in very good condition. The pointer is an English Bar Needle with a jewelled cap. The original transit lock is present and fully functional. The lid itself is a very good fit, closing with a good firm snap. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDimensions: 45mm (excluding loop), 65mm (inc. loop)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFrancis Barker \u0026amp; Son\u003c\/strong\u003e: were established in London in 1848, as a maker of compasses and scientific instruments. Francis Barker produced a very wide range of compass designs over the years, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond, and many others. The company prospered until 1932, when it was taken over and became F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932). After WW2 the company changed hands several times and the name is now carried by Pyser-SGI. They continue to produce the renowned Barker M-73, widely acknowledged to be the world's finest prismatic compass.","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":29428237238324,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Barker_colonial_sep5_-_17.jpg?v=1567699362"},{"product_id":"ww2-francis-barker-mk-iii-compass","title":"WW2 F. Barker Mk III Military Compass (1945)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 23.4667px; color: #585555;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 23.4667px; color: #585555;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-weight: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eA WW2 F. Barker Mk III Military prismatic Compass, complete with a custom-made fitted wooden case, This compass was retailed by T.G. Co. Ltd (The Gramophone Company - part of the EMI group). On the underside of the compass are the serial number and a makers identification mark, together with the War Office broad arrow stamp. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-align: inherit;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eT.G. Co. Ltd compasses were made by F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932) Ltd, with the letter \u003c\/span\u003e‘\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eB\u003c\/span\u003e’\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e applied as a prefix to the serial number to show that it was manufactured by Barker. The Mk III was first produced in 1932 and remained in production until the late 1960s. It was the standard issue British Army compass throughout WW2.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis compass has been completely overhauled and restored at sometime in the past, with its original black painted finish removed, the original luminous paint replaced, the inside of the lid painted white, and the brass case polished. There is a bubble in the fluid, but this can be temporarily hidden in the bubble trap by inverting the compass.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 23.4667px; color: #585555;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eFurther details of the Mk III compass can be found in: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem style=\"font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eTrade Mark London\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003e(p.247-9) by Paul Crespel, at the trademarklondon.com website\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #585555;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 23.46666717529297px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #585555;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 23.46666717529297px;\"\u003eThe compass is in good condition, good working order, and finds North well. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eThe brass case is in good condition, with general signs of wear and use. There is a bubble in the fluid, but this does not affect the function of the compass, and can be temporarily hidden in the bubble trap by inverting the compass. The luminous night lights have now expired and no longer 'glow in the dark'. The fitted wooden case is in very good condition.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 23.46666717529297px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #585555;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 23.46666717529297px;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/b\u003e 58mm diameter (85mm inc. prism) x 30mm\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 23.46666717529297px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrancis Barker \u0026amp; Son\u003c\/strong\u003e: were established in London in 1848, as a maker of compasses and scientific instruments. Francis Barker produced a very wide range of compass designs over the years, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond, and many others. The company prospered until 1932, when it was taken over and became F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932). After WW2 the company changed hands several times and the name is now carried by Pyser-Optics. They continue to produce the renowned Barker M-73, widely acknowledged to be the world's finest prismatic compass.         \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; line-height: 23.4667px; color: #585555;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e***Please Note: this compass is \u003cbr\u003enot available for shipping to the USA***\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31379191300235,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Maker_MK_III_box_-_26.jpg?v=1582412088"},{"product_id":"ww1-aston-mander-trench-art-compass","title":"WW1 Aston \u0026 Mander Trench Art Compass","description":"\u003cp\u003eA trench art compass, derived from a WW1 Cavalry Sketching board, made by Aston \u0026amp; Mander of Soho, London, c.1914. This compass and its wooden surround have been carefully removed from their original position at the top edge of an Aston \u0026amp; Mander sketching board. Various other designs of Cavalry sketching board were being produced around this time, including those by Lt-Col. Willoughby Verner, J. H. Steward, and Houghton's. The compass is signed by Aston \u0026amp; Mander.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Cavalry Sketching Board: \u003c\/strong\u003ewas originally designed by Colonel W. H. Richards, who taught military surveying at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst c.1880. The board was improved by Willoughby Verner who was also briefly Professor of Topography at Sandhurst. Verner patented his own improvements in 1887 and 1891 and the board became known as \u003ci\u003eVerner's\u003c\/i\u003e. W. J. Bosworth patented further improvements in 1897\u003ci\u003e,\u003c\/i\u003e and versions of the board remained in use until around 1930.\u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCavalry Sketching Boards were designed to be strapped to the arm of a cavalryman on the bridle arm. The board was attached to the arm by a leather strap with a swivel joint. This enabled the user to twist the whole board on their arm to align the compass accurately. The board incorporated a compass for taking bearings, and the sketch was made on a paper roll which was wound around one of the side rollers. As a sketch was completed, the paper roll was advanced to supply more paper. During WW1 the sketching board was often used by pilots and observers of the Royal Flying Corps to make sketches of enemy positions and trenches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAston \u0026amp; Mander Ltd\u003c\/strong\u003e: The company was established in 1779. By 1914 they were wholesale and export suppliers of mathematical drawing, and surveying and scientific instrument manufacturers. They specialised in tailors' squares, every kind of mathematical scales, rules etc., tailors' and cloth merchants' tools; anthropological and height measuring instruments, scholastic geometrical sets and appliances, brewers' and gaugers' instruments. The company employed around 60 people and supplied scientific instruments to British armed forces in both world wars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition and full working order. The wooden surround is in very good condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e Compass: 30mm diameter (wood surround: 63mm x 45mm)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31789323124875,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Aston_compass_-_12.jpg?v=1578837405"},{"product_id":"brass-cased-pocket-compass-c-1900","title":"Brass Cased Pocket Compass c.1900","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn unusual Brass cased pocket compass, dating from around the end of the 19th century. The compass features a lacquered brass case, thick bevelled glass, paper compass card, agate jewelled pivot and flat blued needle. The cardinal points are marked in very bold black lettering against a white dial, suggesting that this was intended to be used in low light, possibly as  a night marching compass. The compass needle is also rather unusual, having a cut-out section towards the north end, again possibly to aid with low light viewing. I have never seen this type of cut-out before on a flat compass needle. There is a manually operated transit lock, operated by a sliding button on the side of the case, with an additional tiny lever that damps the needle movement when depressed. The style of the case is similar to examples made by Francis Barker \u0026amp; Son c.1900, and the compass card design is similar to Barker designs of that period. But there are no maker's marks on the compass, and it cannot definitely be attributed to Barker.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order, and finds north very well. The brass case, compass card, and glass are all in very good condition. The transit lock is working very well.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 45mm (65mm including loop)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32240415932555,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/White-black_COMPASS_-_20.jpg?v=1581346584"},{"product_id":"singers-luminous-compass-f-barker-son-c-1870","title":"Singer's Luminous Compass, F. Barker \u0026 Son c.1870","description":"\u003cp\u003eA rare version of the Francis Barker Singer's luminous pocket compass, dating from around 1870. The paper compass card is hand-drawn in an unusual variation on the classic Singer's design. The design is very similar to (and probably an early or prototype version of) the interchageable card that was used in Barker's 'Patent Universal Compass', which was introduced c.1875. A simplified version of the normal Singer's Patent style, the card has luminous markers at North and South. The type of luminous paint used was most probably an early version of 'Balmain's Luminous Paint', a compound of calcium sulphide. The paint was made luminous by exposure to sunlight or by burning a strip of magnesium ribbon near the compass card. It was patented in England in 1877 by William Balmain, and was often used in compasses during the late 19th century. The brass case is marked with Barker's 'Trade Mark London' logo, with the letter 'S' the right way round, denoting that it was made before 1875. The compass has a jewelled pivot, brass hunter case and automatic transit lock. The case would originally have had an oxidised or bronzed finish, and this can still be seen inside the lid. The compass retains its original oval instruction label inside the lid. These labels are often found in this type of compass, with details of how to activate the luminous paint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFurther details of the various Singer's Patent designs and the Barker 'Patent Universal Compass' can be found in \u003cem\u003eCompass Chronicles\u003c\/em\u003e (2010) by Kornelia Takacs, pages 41-50.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSamuel Berry Singer (1796 - c.1875)\u003c\/strong\u003e was a master mariner from Southampton when he patented his unique design in July 1861. Its high contrast design was intended to be much easier to read in low light than conventional compasses of the time. He did not benefit greatly from his invention, the patent lapsed in 1868, and he ended his days living in poverty in Kincardine on the Firth of Forth. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn good condition and full working order. The compass finds North well and the transit lock is fully functional, locking the card when the lid is closed. The compass card, glass and case are all in good condition. There is a little dust under the glass.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 45mm (65mm including loop)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32441175376011,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Barker_singers_dot_triangle_-_33.jpg?v=1618401003"},{"product_id":"vintage-west-german-pedometer-c-1960","title":"Vintage West German Pedometer c.1960","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003eA West German ankle Pedometer, dating from c.1960. This instrument was made in Germany for the export market. It is in near mint condition, complete with original box, packaging, instruction leaflet, strap etc. It was described as 'absolutely new in both design and method of operation. The walked distance is indicated in miles by a pointer on the dial of the instrument'. It was intended to be fastened just above the ankle, and has four coloured scales relating to differwent pace length, ranging from 19 to 25 inches.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003eIn unused, 'as new' condition. It looks like it has never been out of its box. Has been briefly tested and appears to be in good working order, but as a vintage item it's accuracy cannot be guaranteed. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Normal-C-C0\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 38mm ( diameter), Strap length: 280mm, \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32777082044555,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Pedometer-10.jpg?v=1585837069"},{"product_id":"vintage-wrist-compass-1","title":"Vintage Wrist Compass c.1960","description":"\u003cp\u003eA  very good example of a vintage Japanese wrist compass, dating from the mid 20th century, and probably made in the 1950's or 1960's. It features luminous paint marker dots and a manual transit lock. With a card design clearly influenced by the Singer's patent designs of the 1860's. The compass has a nickel plated case, blued needle with luminous north marker, and luminous paint dots at the cardinal points. The transit lock is operated by a button on the side of the case. Complete with original leather strap and box, marked with the serial number '210'.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition and finds North very well. The transit lock is working and the luminous paint markers glow in the dark. The leather strap is in very good condition, with some wear to the rear. The cardboard box is a little worn and one of the end flaps is missing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 38mm diameter (Strap length: 240mm)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":33195608506507,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/wristcompasjapan-21.jpg?v=1585922944"},{"product_id":"victorian-brass-pocket-compass-c-1840","title":"Victorian Brass Pocket Compass c.1840","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Georgian or Victorian Brass box English pocket compass, with a press-fit lid, dating from c.1840-1860. The brass lid has developed a very unusual gunmetal-coloured patina. With a paper compass card, finely made blued needle, and a brass pivot. The compass is in working order and finds North well. The compass retains its original glass, which has a slight bruise at SW. The paper compass card has become warped over time and has lifted away from the bottom of the case. This can cause the needle to stick temporarily, but a quick shake gets it moving again. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn good, original condition, and working order, with the needle catching at times on the warped compass card. The compass finds North very well. With general signs of age, and some marks to the case. The lid has a very distinctive and unusual gunmetal-coloured patina. The original glass is in very good condition, with just a slight bruise at SW.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 57mm diameter (depth: 15mm)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":37910261268631,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Blackbrasscompass-48.jpg?v=1606409185"},{"product_id":"j-h-steward-brass-box-pocket-compass-c-1890","title":"J. H. Steward Brass Box Pocket Compass c.1890","description":"\u003cp\u003eA brass box J. H. Steward pocket compass, with a press fit lid, dating from c.1890-1900. In lovely, original condition, this compass features a blackened or oxidised finish brass case with lid, aluminium compass card, English bar needle and jewelled pivot. There is an automatic transit lock operated by a tiny lever on the edge of the case. The compass card is signed by J. H. Steward, London. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJ. H. Steward Ltd\u003c\/strong\u003e: James Henry Steward (1817-1896) established his business in London in 1852 as a maker and retailer of optical, scientific, military and surveying instruments. J.H. Steward was the head optician of the company and had businesses at 406 Strand, 457 West Strand and 54 Cornhill in London. In the mid 1800s he became the optician to Her Majesty's Government and the National Rifle, and National Artillery Associations. James Henry Steward died in 1896. J. H. Steward Ltd was incorporated in 1912 and continued in business in London until 1973. The main London office was sold in 1971, and from 1971-1973 the company rented premises in Catherine Street. All the remaining stock and long serving staff member George Goble (c.1916-1975) were moved to Catherine Street. The business finally moved to 154a Church Road, Hove, Sussex in 1973, before finally ceasing trading in 1975.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order and finds North very well. There is some minor wear to the original blackened finish of the case. The automatic transit lock is activated when the lid is replaced and is in perfect working order. The lid fits perfectly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 65mm x 15mm\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":38012989210775,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/JHStewardextra-1.jpg?v=1618332362"},{"product_id":"francis-barker-indian-army-compass-1906","title":"Francis Barker Indian Army Compass (1906)","description":"\u003cp\u003eA rare Francis Barker \u0026amp; Son military compass, dating from 1906. The compass card is marked 'F. Barker \u0026amp; Son, Makers London, 1906'. It also has the British War Department 'Broad Arrow' mark, over the letter 'I', indicating that this compass was supplied to the British army in India. The compass features a nickel-plated brass case, silvered compass card, agate jewelled pivot and English bar needle. The cardinal points are marked on the base dial, while the degrees are marked on a raised dial. There is a manually operated transit lock. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost of the compasses that were made by Barker were unsigned and were sold to other companies, who signed and sold them as their own products. Francis Barker \u0026amp; Son confined their activities mainly to wholesale supply to retailers and to the military, with the military compasses usually being signed by Barker. Further details of this type of compass can be found at Paul Crepsel's excellent trademarklondon.com, and also in his book \u003cem\u003eTrade Mark London\u003c\/em\u003e (p.121).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrancis Barker \u0026amp; Son\u003c\/strong\u003e: were established in London in 1848, as a maker of compasses and scientific instruments. Francis Barker produced a very wide range of compass designs over the years, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond, and many others. The company prospered until 1932, when it was taken over and became F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932). After WW2 the company changed hands several times and the name is now carried by Pyser-SGI. They continue to produce the renowned Barker M-73, widely acknowledged to be the world's finest prismatic compass.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order, and finds north well. The nickel plated brass case shows minor signs of wear. The compass card, needle, and glass are all in very good condition, with some dust under the glass. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 45mm (65mm including loop)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39818238918807,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/BarkerIndianArmy-3.jpg?v=1618331980"},{"product_id":"groves-barker-pocket-compass-c-1848","title":"Groves \u0026 Barker Pocket Compass c.1848","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn extremely rare Groves \u0026amp; Barker early Victorian pocket compass, dating from c.1848. The compass is clearly signed on the card with the Groves \u0026amp; Barker name. This distinctive compass card design was used by Francis Barker for many years during the Victorian era, but compasses produced during his partnership with Richard Groves are very rare. They had both been apprenticed to the firm of J \u0026amp; G Simms in the latter part of the Georgian period, before going into business together in 1848. The compass has a brass box and lid, jewelled pivot, transit lock, and hand-drawn paper compass card.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order and finds North well. The brass case is in very good condition, with some of the original lacquered finish still present inside the lid. The glass is in very good condition. The hand drawn paper compass card is in very good condition. The lid fits very well. The transit lock is in working order.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDimensions: 37mm diameter\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGroves \u0026amp; Barker\u003c\/strong\u003e: the partnership between Francis Barker (1819-1875) and Richard Groves (1821-1911) was established in London in 1848. Both had started out working for the scientific instrument makers J \u0026amp; G Simms of Hatton Garden. Francis left to set up his own company, and soon afterwards also went into business at 16 Market Street with his friend Richard Groves, producing sundials and maritime compasses. The partnership was dissolved in August 1865. Francis Barker went on to become one of the most prolific scientific instrument maker's of the 19th century, and Richard Groves outlived his former partner and was still listed as a surveying instrument maker in 1902.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrancis Barker (1819-1875)\u003c\/strong\u003e went on to have a very successful career, producing a wide range of compass designs over the years, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond, and many others. The company prospered until 1932, when it was taken over and became F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932). After WW2 the company changed hands several times and the name is now carried by Pyser-Optics. They continue to produce the renowned Barker M-73, widely acknowledged to be the world's finest prismatic compass.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuch of the above information is from Paul Crepel's excellent book \u003cem\u003eTrade Mark London\u003c\/em\u003e. For more information on the Groves \u0026amp; Barker story, go to the trademarklondon.com website. I am also indebted to Leszek Zietara for further information about Richard Groves.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40781542981783,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/GrovesandBarkercompass-30.jpg?v=1629469806"},{"product_id":"silver-singers-patent-pocket-compass-1864","title":"Silver Singer's Patent Pocket Compass (1864)","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn extremely rare and beautifully made solid silver Singer's Patent pocket compass, dating from 1864. The compass is clearly marked on the mother of pearl card 'Singer's Patent, 2632'. Singer's patent lapsed in 1868, and no compasses made after that date carried a 'Singer's Patent' serial number. The case has the maker's mark of Samuel Freeman, a case maker who worked in Trafalgar Street, London from 1862 - c.1880. Although the compass card is unsigned, its style and lettering are almost identical to one made by Groves \u0026amp; Barker in the 1860's, and this compass may possibly have also been made by them. It was certainly made by one of the best maker's of the time. The compass has a silver hunter case, hallmarked for London 1864, jewelled pivot, and hand-painted mother of pearl compass card.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order and finds North well. The hallmarked silver case is in very good condition. The glass is in very good condition, with just some M.O.P. dust under the glass. The hand-painted mother of pearl compass card is in very good condition, and marked 'Singer's Patent, 2632'.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDimensions: 43mm diameter\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSinger's Patent:\u003c\/strong\u003e Samuel Berry Singer (1796-c.1875)\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-style=\"color: #808080;\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ewas a master mariner from Southampton when he patented his unique design in July 1861. This distinctive high contrast design was intended to be much easier to read in low light than conventional compasses of the time. He did not benefit greatly from his invention, the patent lapsed in 1868, and he ended his days living in poverty in Kincardine on the Firth of Forth. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGroves \u0026amp; Barker\u003c\/strong\u003e: the partnership between Francis Barker (1819-1875) and Richard Groves (1821-1911) was established in London in 1848. Both had started out working for the scientific instrument makers J \u0026amp; G Simms of Hatton Garden. Francis left to set up his own company, and soon afterwards also went into business at 16 Market Street with his friend Richard Groves, producing sundials and maritime compasses. The partnership was dissolved in August 1865. Francis Barker went on to become one of the most prolific scientific instrument maker's of the 19th century, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond, and many others. Richard Groves outlived his former partner and was still listed as a surveying instrument maker in 1902.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMuch of the above information is from Paul Crepel's excellent book \u003cem\u003eTrade Mark London\u003c\/em\u003e. For more information on the Groves \u0026amp; Barker story, go to the trademarklondon.com website. I am also indebted to Leszek Zietara for further information about Richard Groves.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40896328138903,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/SilverSingersCompass-20.jpg?v=1630535974"},{"product_id":"j-h-steward-captain-dixons-military-compass-c-1900","title":"J. H. Steward Captain Dixon's Military Compass c.1900","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very rare J. H. Steward 'Captain Dixons' Patent Military Compass. dating from c.1900, the compass is in lovely, original condition, featuring a blackened or oxidised finish brass case with hand painted glass viewing windows, blued needle and jewelled pivot. The compass card is signed by J. H. Steward, and marked 'Captain Dixons Military Compass, No. 13'. It comes complete with its original fitted leather case. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a 'Trough' or 'Plane Table' compass, a type of instrument first used in the early 19th century, and which saw extensive use during WW1. According to compassmuseum, 'A trough compass consists of a long, narrow rectangular box, covered with glass. Inside the box, at its centre, there is a magnetic needle resting on the pivot. At the extremities of the trough compass, there are (sometimes but not always) graduated scales with zero at the centre and degree markings on either side of the zero line. The trough compass is used for marking the magnetic north line on the drawing sheet of the plane table. In this case, the magnetic needle points to 0° - 0° of the graduated scale and a line drawn parallel to the edge of the trough compass is along the magnetic meridian. A trough compass is also used to orient the plane table with respect to the magnetic meridian'. During WW1 this type of compass was used for artillery work. A later example of the Dixon's Military compass can be seen at compassmuseum.com.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJ. H. Steward Ltd\u003c\/strong\u003e: James Henry Steward (1817-1896) established his business in London in 1852 as a maker and retailer of optical, scientific, military and surveying instruments. J.H. Steward was the head optician of the company and had businesses at 406 Strand, 457 West Strand and 54 Cornhill in London. In the mid 1800s he became the optician to Her Majesty's Government and the National Rifle, and National Artillery Associations. James Henry Steward died in 1896. J. H. Steward Ltd was incorporated in 1912 and continued in business in London until 1973. The main London office was sold in 1971, and from 1971-1973 the company rented premises in Catherine Street. All the remaining stock and long serving staff member George Goble (c.1916-1975) were moved to Catherine Street. The business finally moved to 154a Church Road, Hove, Sussex in 1973, before finally ceasing trading in 1975.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order and finds North very well. The original blackened finish of the case is in very good condition. The glass windows and needle are in very good condition. The leather case is in very good condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e L: 70mm x W: 35xmm x H: 13mm\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41273504432279,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/CaptainDixonsCompass-16.jpg?v=1635357623"},{"product_id":"francis-barker-miniature-patent-no-75-compass","title":"Barker Miniature 'Patent No. 75' Compass","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very rare and unusual miniature brass cased Francis Barker \u0026amp; Son compass, probably dating from c.1900-1930. The compass is marked 'AW Patent No. 75' and 'B\u0026amp;S Maker'. Similar in size and style to the tiny compasses found on WW1-era Cavalry Sketching boards, this compass was very likely intended for a similar use - possibly with a Plane Table, or other surveying\/navigation board. The compass has an integral bracket and clamping screw which would have allowed it to be securely fixed to a table or board. It also features a rotating bezel and a transit lock. This compass card design is very similar to the 'Improved Colonial, No. 3014' design which was made by Barker and featured in many Barker catalogues from the 1890s until the mid 1920s. Further details of the 'Colonial' compass can be found in: \u003cem\u003eTrade Mark London\u003c\/em\u003e (p.236) by Paul Crespel, and at the trademarklondon.com website. It also features in Kornelia Takac's book \u003cem\u003eCompass Chronicles\u003c\/em\u003e on p.68.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order and finds North very well. The case is in very good condition and the glass is in excellent condition. The aluminium compass card is in good condition, with some tarnishing. The pointer is a very fine English Bar Needle with a jewelled pivot. The transit lock is present and fully functional. The clamping screw moves exactly as it should, extending and closing very well. The compass is marked 'AW Patent No. 75' and 'B\u0026amp;S Maker'.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDimensions: 30mm diameter x 35mm length (50mm with screw extended)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrancis Barker \u0026amp; Son\u003c\/strong\u003e: were established in London in 1848, as a maker of compasses and scientific instruments. Francis Barker produced a very wide range of compass designs over the years, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond, and many others. The company prospered until 1932, when it was taken over and became F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932). After WW2 the company changed hands several times and the name is now owned by Pyser Optics, based at Edenbridge in Kent. They continue to produce the renowned Barker M-73, widely acknowledged to be the world's finest prismatic compass.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41330384699543,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/BarkerClampNov-35.jpg?v=1717173973"},{"product_id":"cary-rgs-pocket-explorers-compass-c-1900","title":"Cary 'RGS' Explorers Compass c.1900","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: #555555; color: #555555; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit;\"\u003eA \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eFrancis Barker \u0026amp; Son ‘RGS’ type pocket compass, dating from c.1900. The compass card is marked with the retailers details: \u003cb style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e‘Cary, London’\u003c\/b\u003e. \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; line-height: 24px;\" data-mce-style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; line-height: 24px;\"\u003eThe compass has a nickel plated brass hunter case, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-mce-style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eand an aluminium card with a jewelled pivot. The card is hand painted in black, with the four cardinal points painted in red on the underside of the glass. The compass has an automatic transit lock, operated when the lid is closed. \u003c\/span\u003eThis is a well documented Barker design, which was supplied unsigned by the maker to Cary and several other well known London retailers (including J. H. Steward). The retailer would then add their own details to the compass card. Cary supplied scientific instruments such as this to explorers and military officers, and the company provided the compasses used by \u003cb style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003eErnest Shackleton\u003c\/b\u003e and his team during the celebrated \u003cb style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e1907-1909 British Antarctic Expedition\u003c\/b\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eOne of the Cary compasses used during the 1907-1909 expedition can be seen in a photographic plate facing p.342 of Volume Two of \u003ci style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003eThe Heart of the Antarctic\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e, Shackleton’s classic account of the expedition (\u003cem\u003esee photo\u003c\/em\u003e). Shackleton took two Cary pocket compasses of this type with him on the expedition, one of which returned to the antarctic in 2008, carried by the explorer Henry Worsley, during the Shackleton Centenary Expedition.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;\"\u003eDating from c.1900-1910, this type of compass featured in many Barker catalogues and had been in production since the late 19th century, although it was not \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eregistered by the company until 1903.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit; line-height: 24px;\"\u003e In the Barker catalogue for 1907 this design was described as the ‘R.G.S. Pattern’.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003e(Further details of this type of compass can be found in: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eTrade Mark London\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003e by Paul Crespel, and at the trademarklondon.com website. It is also featured on p.54-5 of \u003ci style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003eCompass Chronicles\u003c\/i\u003e (Schiffer, 2010) by Kornelia Takacs)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit;\"\u003e\u003cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;\"\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order and finds North well. The nickel plated brass case is in very good condition, with some mnor wear to the plating. The compass card and glass are in very good condition. The transit lock is fully functional.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003eDimensions: 50mm diameter (75mm inc. loop)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eCary of London: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eWilliam Cary (1759–1825) was an English scientific-instrument maker. He produced numerous scientific instruments including mechanical calculators, measuring instruments, telescopes, microscopes, navigation and survey equipment. William Cary had three brothers, the eldest George (c.1753 - 1830) was a haberdasher while the second brother John, was a mapmaker who also worked with William and the last, Francis (c.1756 - 1836) was an engraver. Cary learnt the skills for producing instruments as an apprentice of Jesse Ramsdan (1735-1800). After his death in 1825, the firm was taken over by Charles Gould, who may have trained briefly under William Cary. The company continued trading for almost 100 years, being run by various members of the Gould family, including Charlotte Hyde Gould (c.1797-1865). They became well \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eknown as retailers of globes and other scientific and mathematical instruments. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eAround 1900 Cary were trading from premises at 7 Pall Mall, London, their trade card describing the company as 'Opticians and Scientific Instrument Makers to the Admiralty'.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003eFrancis Barker \u0026amp; Son\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003e: were established in London in 1848, as a maker of comp\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003easses and scientific instruments. Francis Barker produced a very wide range of compass designs over the years, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"\u003e, Cary, and J. H. Steward. The company prospered until 1932, when it was taken over and became F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932). After WW2 the company changed hands several times and the name is now carried by Pyser-SGI. They continue to produce the renowned Barker M-73, widely acknowledged to be the world's finest prismatic compass.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41405534699671,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Shackletonheartcompass-1_1.jpg?v=1637842680"},{"product_id":"j-h-steward-british-army-protractor-1935","title":"J. H. Steward British Army Protractor (1935)","description":"\u003cp\u003eA rare J. H. Steward military protractor, dating from 1935. The semi-circular celluloid protractor is in very good, original condition, and comes complete with its original card-backed envelope. It was posted direct from J. H. Steward on 29th August 1935 to a Major R. H. Wilson of Westbourne Terrace, London.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis type of military protractor was used by artillery and machine gun officers during WW1 and WW2. It is marked with various scales and has the 1915 dated Patent Number 11465. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJ. H. Steward Ltd\u003c\/strong\u003e: James Henry Steward (1817-1896) established his business in London in 1852 as a maker and retailer of optical, scientific, military and surveying instruments. J.H. Steward was the head optician of the company and had businesses at 406 Strand, 457 West Strand and 54 Cornhill in London. In the mid 1800s he became the optician to Her Majesty's Government and the National Rifle, and National Artillery Associations. James Henry Steward died in 1896. J. H. Steward Ltd was incorporated in 1912 and continued in business in London until 1973. The main London office was sold in 1971, and from 1971-1973 the company rented premises in Catherine Street. All the remaining stock and long serving staff member George Goble (c.1916-1975) were moved to Catherine Street. The business finally moved to 154a Church Road, Hove, Sussex in 1973, before finally ceasing trading in 1975.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe protractor is in very good original condition. The envelope is in very good condition, with a few marks.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e L: 200mm x W: 120xmm\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41566726979735,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/StewardProtractor-12.jpg?v=1761768696"},{"product_id":"henry-barrow-admiralty-standard-compass-c-1845","title":"Henry Barrow \u0026 Co. Admiralty Standard Compass c.1845","description":"\u003cp\u003eA rare Admiralty standard prismatic compass, made c.1845, by Henry Barrow \u0026amp; Co. With a hand-drawn compass card, bronzed-finish brass case, prism and vane sights, transit lock, and manual brake. The compass card is signed ' Henry Barrow \u0026amp; Co., 26 Oxendon Street, London'. The Admiralty compass was produced by Henry Barrow (1790-1870), one of the finest instrument makers of the mid-19th century\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass has a screw-down transit locking mechanism, operated by a threaded screw which engages with a lever that protrudes slightly from the side of the case. When the transit lock screw is disengaged, this lever can also be used as a manual brake. There is a folding prism (with coloured filters) on one side of the case and a folding sighting vane complete with mirror on the opposite side. The compass card is graduated to 16 points and to 360 degrees, with a jewelled pivot cap. The base has a screw-threaded mounting for attaching the compass to a tripod or other fixed mounting.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA very well made, high quality instrument, this compass is a fine example of the work of one of the best maker's of the period. Similar examples, and various other compasses made by Henry Barrow, can be seen in the collection of the Royal Museums at Greenwich - https:\/\/www.rmg.co.uk\/collections\/objects\/rmgc-object-7185 and in the collection of the sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHenry Barrow (1790-1870):\u003c\/strong\u003e was one of the finest British scientific instrument makers of his time. He may have been apprenticed to George Dollond or Edward Troughton, as he is known to have worked for both of them before 1829. From 1830-1839 he was Mathematical Instrument Maker to the Surveyor of India, working very closely with Sir George Everest, maintaining the complex scientific instruments that were vital to the work of the Great Survey of India. After returning to England, Barrow took over the business of Thomas Charles Robinson at Devonshire Street, London from 1842. From 1845 - c.1860 he traded as H. Barrow \u0026amp; Co. from premises at 26 Oxendon Street, London. He is known to have produced compasses, theodolites, and other scientific instruments during this period, supplying them to both the East India Company and the Great Survey of India. He also made compasses for the Admiralty, some of which were used in Arctic expeditions during the 1840s. During his time with The Great Survey, Sir George Everest had praised Barrow's work on the Cary Great Theodolite: 'I must do the artist (Barrow) the justice to say that for excellence of workmanship, accuracy of division, steadiness, regularity, and glibness of motion, and the general elegance and nice fitting of all its parts, not only were my expectations exceeded but I really think it is as a whole as unrivalled in the world as it is unique.' Henry Barrow was made a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1849, and retired around 1860. His long career had made him a wealthy man, and he left an estate valued at more than £65,000.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn good condition, and full working order. The compass finds North very well. The glass, sighting vane, and prism are all in good condition. The compass card is in good condition, with some marks. Both the manual brake and transit lock are working perfectly. There is some wear and marking to the original bronzed finish of the brass case and the frame of the folding sight.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 135mm diameter, case height 30mm, sights (ht. above glass) 100mm\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41745495916695,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Barrowadmiraltycompass-21.jpg?v=1644602385"},{"product_id":"stanley-artillery-compass-c-1880","title":"W. F. Stanley Prismatic Compass c.1880","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very fine example of a W. F. Stanley prismatic survey or artillery compass, dating from c.1880. This compass is in excellent condition, featuring a blackened or oxidised finish brass case with a beautifully engraved aluminium compass card. In 1861 W. F. Stanley patented a number of improvements in the use of aluminium in the manufacture of mathematical and scientific instruments. He was one of the first to produce this type of cutaway aluminium compass card. The compass has a transit lock operated when the sights are folded down, and red and green coloured filters at the prism. It is signed on the lid by 'Stanley, Great Turnstile, Holborn, London', and is also signed on the compass card 'Stanley, London'. This type of compass was often used for military survey and artillery work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWilliam Ford Stanley\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e (1829 - 1909):\u003c\/strong\u003e was a British inventor with 78 patents filed in both the United Kingdom and the USA. He was an engineer who designed and made precision drawing and mathematical instruments, as well as surveying instruments and telescopes, manufactured by his company, William Ford Stanley and Co. Ltd. Stanley was a skilled architect who designed and founded the UK's first Trades School. He was also a noted philanthropist, who gave over £80,000 to education projects during the last 15 years of his life. When he died, most of his estate, valued at £59,000, was bequeathed to trade schools and students in south London, and he left one of his houses to be used as a children's home. Stanley was a member of several professional bodies and societies, including the Royal Society of Arts, Royal Meteorological Society, and Royal Astronomical Association. Besides these activities, he was a painter, musician and photographer, as well as an author of a variety of publications, including plays, books for children, and political treatises.\n\u003cp\u003eStanley started his business in 1854 with just £100, making mathematical and drawing instruments at 3 Great Turnstile, Holborn, London. Stanley produced a 'Panoptic Stereoscope' in 1855, which was financially successful, allowing him to expand his business with additional shops at 3–4 Great Turnstile and 286 High Holborn. He did not patent the Panoptic, so it was soon copied around the world, but he had sold enough to provide the capital required to manufacture scientific instruments.\u003csup id=\"cite_ref-akpan-ch4_8-5\" class=\"reference\"\u003e \u003c\/sup\u003eStanley brought out the first catalogue of his products in 1864.\u003csup id=\"cite_ref-akpan-ch4_8-6\" class=\"reference\"\u003e \u003c\/sup\u003eBy the fifth edition, Stanley was able to list important customers such as several government departments, the Army, Royal Navy, railway companies at home and abroad, and London University. From 1865, he worked on improving surveying instruments, including designing a new type of theodolite.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStanley designed and set up a new factory in 1875 (called \u003ci\u003eThe Stanley Works\u003c\/i\u003e, it was listed in the 1876 Croydon Directories as \u003ci\u003eStanley Mathematical Instruments\u003c\/i\u003e) in Belgrave Road, London, which produced a variety of instruments for civil, military, and mining engineers, prospectors and explorers, architects, meteorologists and artists. The firm finally moved out of the factory in the 1920s. By 1881, Stanley was employing 80 people and producing 3,000 technical items, as detailed in his catalogue.\u003csup id=\"cite_ref-cg-legacy_9-3\" class=\"reference\"\u003e \u003c\/sup\u003eIn 1885, Stanley was awarded a gold medal at the International Inventors Exhibition at Wembley. The rapid growth of his business led to the opening of branches at Lincoln's Inn, London Bridge, and South Norwood. The catalogue for 1891 refers to the company having 17 branches, with over 130 workmen. By the start of the 20th century the company was reputed to be the largest instrument maker in the world. The company traded at Great Turnstile until 1914, then at 286 High Holborn until 1939, continuing at various addresses in London until finally being dissolved in 2001.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in excellent condition, full working order and finds North very well. The original blackened finish of the case is in excellent condition. The glass, prism, sights, filters, and compass card are in excellent condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 70mm diameter (90mm inc. prism), 20mm depth\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41778980028567,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Stanleysurveycompass-11.jpg?v=1645540409"},{"product_id":"george-adams-of-fleet-street-georgian-globe-compass-c-1740-1772","title":"George Adams of Fleet Street, Globe Compass c.1740","description":"A large, beautiful and very rare Georgian mahogany cased compass, made by George Adams of Fleet Street, dating from c.1740-1772. Six inches in diameter, this very fine compass would originally have been fixed to the stand of a Terrestrial Globe made by George Adams. The underside of the compass case still retains the original wooden feet which attached it to the legs of the globe stand. With a delicate, finely balanced needle, intricate compass card design featuring the face of the sun, and a mahogany case. In full working order and finding north very well.\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Adams\u003c\/b\u003e (c. 1709–1772) was an English scientific instrument maker and writer. He was the eldest surviving son of Morris Adams, a cook, and his wife Mary, and was baptised in 1709. Working first as an apprentice to instrument makers, James Parker and then Thomas Heath, he founded his own instrument making business in 1734 in Fleet Street, London. His reputation was such that he rose to become 'mathematical instrument maker to the King', George III. As well as producing scientific instruments that were recognised as some of the finest of their time, Adams was also a prolific author of scientific works, including\u003ci\u003e: A Treatise Describing the Construction and Explaining the Use of New Celestial and Terrestrial Globes\u003c\/i\u003e (London: 1766), and \u003ci\u003eMicrographia Illustrata, or the knowledge of the microscope explained\u003c\/i\u003e (1746). On his death in 1772, the business was taken over by his son, George Adams the younger (1750-1795).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeorge Adams\u003c\/b\u003e the younger (1750–1795) succeeded his father as mathematical instrument maker to George III and also became optician to the Prince of Wales. The quality of his instruments was said to be at least as good as those of his father, and he also wrote essays and treatises on barometers, thermometers and other instruments. When he died he was succeeded in business and his Royal appointments by his brother, Dudley Adams. The company continued trading until 1817, and Dudley Adams may have still been producing instruments in the 1820s.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn excellent condition and full working order. The compass card, needle, glass and wooden case are all in excellent condition, with just minor signs of age and wear. Very unusually, the compass still retains the original wooden feet that would have attached it to the base of the globe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 160mm diameter (200mm inc. feet)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41785969442967,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/GeorgeAdamscompass2-10.jpg?v=1645704024"},{"product_id":"casartelli-manchester-singers-patent-compass-c-1868","title":"Casartelli, Manchester, Singer's Patent Compass c.1868","description":"\u003cp\u003eA brass box Singer's Patent pocket compass, made by Casartelli of Manchester, c.1868. The lack of a serial number on the compass card means that the compass was made after Singer's patent expired in 1868. The compass has a brass case, with a push-fit lid, a mother of pearl card, and a jewelled pivot. The mother of pearl compass card is hand painted in the classic Singer's design, and signed 'Casartelli, 43 Market Street, Manchester'. The compass has a transit lock mechanism, but this is not working.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSamuel Berry Singer (1796 - c.1875) \u003c\/strong\u003ewas a master mariner from Southampton when he patented his unique design in July 1861. Its high contrast design was intended to be much easier to read in low light than conventional compasses of the time. He did not benefit greatly from his invention, the patent lapsed in 1868, and he ended his days living in poverty in Kincardine on the Firth of Forth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph Louis Casartelli (1822-1900):\u003c\/strong\u003e Casartelli was a maker scientific-instrument maker, born in Tavernario, Italy in 1822. In 1834 the family emigrated to Liverpool, joining Luigi Casartelli (also known as Louis Casartelli) in his scientific instrument business, at 20 Duke Street, Liverpool, making barometers and thermometers. The young Casartelli may have served his apprenticeship with him. By 1845, Joseph and his uncle, Antonio Giovanni, had taken over Louis' business. The two continued in partnership as opticians and barometer and thermometer makers and glass-blowers for the next six years, as Anthony and Joseph Casartelli. In 1851 Joseph moved to Manchester and established himself as a maker of mechanical and optical equipment. Joseph purchased the Ronchetti instrument making business at 43 Market Street, Manchester, and this became Casartelli \u0026amp; Son. Casartelli expanded the business to produce high-quality optical, surveying, textile, and engineering instruments, including microscopes, telescopes, cameras and other optical devices. He also operated a photographic studio in Manchester. Casartelli had a special interest in steam engines and boilers, taking out seven patents on a variety of projects. After 1896, the company was known as J. Casartelli and Son.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn good condition and good working order. The compass finds north well. The brass case and lid are in good condition, with general signs of use, and some wear and marks to the original lacquered finish. The hand-painted mother of pearl card is in very good condition. The transit lock does not lock the compass card, but this has no other effect on the function of the compass. The glass is in very good condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 37mm (Diameter) x 15mm (H)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41824510148759,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Casartellicompass-25.jpg?v=1646748792"},{"product_id":"georgian-brass-box-pocket-compass-c-1835","title":"Georgian Brass Box Pocket Compass c.1835","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Georgian Brass box English pocket compass, dating from c.1830 - 1850. With a paper compass card of a typical Georgian style, and a fleur-de-lys marker at the North point. The compass has a brass pivot, and a brass case. The compass is in full working order and finds North well. The compass would originally have had a push-fit lid, but this is missing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn good condition, and full working order. The compass finds North well. With general signs of age and use, some marks, and wear to the original lacquered finish of the brass case.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 33mm diameter (depth: 15mm)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42097329995927,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/GeorgianbrassMay-20.jpg?v=1652786290"},{"product_id":"german-marschkompass-drp-1938","title":"Stockert \u0026 Sohn 'Marsch-Kompass Jugend' c.1950","description":"\u003cp\u003eA German \"Marsch-Kompass' (Marching Compass), made by Stockert \u0026amp; Sohn c.1950. There were three versions - this is the \"Youth\" model. This type of compass design originated in Germany in the 1930s and a version was adopted as the official compass of the 'HJ' (Hitler Youth). It is similar to other models by the same manufacturer that were used by the Wehrmacht during WW2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral different versions of the Marsch-Kompass continued to be manufactured just after the end of WW2: including the \"Kommit\" the \"Pathfinder\" and the \"Jugend\" (Youth)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis compass is a \"Jugend\", and has a white rotating chapter ring, aluminium and bakelite case, a blued needle with a luminous painted North point, and luminous cardinal point markers. (The paint is no longer luminous). With a folding, highly polished, metal sighting mirror, and a ruler marked on the side of the case. The compass is marked 'Germany', stamped onto the front edge of the case. The compass comes complete with its original box and instructions leaflet.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in good condition and finds North well. With some signs of age and use. Marked 'Germany' on the case. The box and instructions leaflet are in very good condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 50mm x 50mm \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42732396937367,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/Kommitcompass-15.jpg?v=1669308423"},{"product_id":"vintage-japanese-wrist-compass-c-1960","title":"Japanese 'Singer's' Wrist Compass c.1960","description":"\u003cp\u003eA vintage Japanese wrist compass, dating from the mid 20th century, probably made in the 1950's or 1960's. It features a floating aluminium compass card, with luminous paint marker dots and a manual transit lock. The card design is clearly influenced by the Singer's Patent designs of the 1860's. The compass has a nickel-plated case, with a transit lock operated by a button on the side of the case. Complete with original leather strap and box, marked 'Made in Japan', and with the serial number '93'.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in excellent, almost 'as new' condition and finds North very well. The transit lock is working and the luminous paint markers still glow in the dark. The leather strap is in very good condition, and looks as though it has never been used. The cardboard box is a little worn, but still in good condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 38mm diameter (Strap length: 240mm)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42760649867415,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/JapaneseWristcompass-8.jpg?v=1670513317"},{"product_id":"watkins-of-bristol-pocket-compass-c-1815","title":"William Watkins, Bristol, Pocket Compass c.1815","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very rare William Watkins of Bristol mahogany cased pocket compass, dating from around 1815, and signed 'Watkins, Bristol'. \u003cstrong\u003eWilliam Watkins\u003c\/strong\u003e was listed in Bristol directories between 1803 -1832, initially as a 'Mathematical Instrument Maker' and later as a 'Manufacturer of Mathematical, Philosophical, Optical and Nautical Instruments'. He was in business at several Bristol addresses during his career, including St. Michael's Hill, 18 Clare Street (1812), 21 Clare Street (1813), and at The Lord Nelson, 16 St. Augustine's Back (1814-32). He was also a member of the Bristol Society of Merchant Venturers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis type of wooden cased compass was produced from the end of the 18th century to the early 19th century. This example has an ornate Georgian style of compass card design. It also has a distinctive Georgian compass needle. The hand-made triangular hinges are typical of the early Georgian period. The compass is in full working order and finds North well. With a paper card, flat needle, and brass pivot. It also has a transit lock, operated by a small pin and lever when the lid is closed. This compass is rather unusual in that the lid has two additional brass fastening pins at the front edge. These pins can be seen in other examples of Watkins' work and seem to be a unique feature that is not found in other mahogany pocket compasses of the period.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn very good condition, and full working order, with just the normal signs of age and use. It points strongly to North. The wooden case is in very good condition. The original glass is in good condition, with a few minor marks. The paper compass card is in good condition and is signed 'Watkins, Bristol'. There is some wear to the blued finish of the needle. The transit lock is working well, locking the needle when the lid is closed. The lid closes well with strong hinges and is secured by a '7' shaped clasp, and Watkins own unique brass pin fasteners at the front corners of the lid. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 65mm x 65mm x 20mm\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43001270370455,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/products\/WatkinsBristolCompass-16.jpg?v=1679411699"},{"product_id":"a-franks-manchester-brass-box-pocket-compass","title":"Aubrey Franks, Manchester, Pocket Compass c.1900","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn Aubrey Franks, Manchester, brass box pocket compass, with a press fit lid, folding sights and English bar needle, dating from c.1890-1900. This compass features a brass case with lid, paper compass card, English bar needle and jewelled pivot. There is a transit lock, operated when the sights are folded. The compass is signed by 'A. Franks, Optician, Manchester'. Inside the lid are the remains of the original 'A. Franks, 97 Deansgate, Manchester' paper label. An unsigned compass with an almost identical card design can be seen on p.26 of \u003cem\u003eCompass Chronicles\u003c\/em\u003e by Kornelia Takacs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAubrey Franks Ltd\u003c\/strong\u003e: Aubrey Franks set up his business as an optician in King Street, Manchester c.1879. Franks soon began to make and sell a range of optical instruments, such as microscopes, telescopes and magic lanterns. Around 1881, the company acquired additional premises at the corner of King Street and Deansgate. Seven years later, Aubrey took over his father Joseph's business on Market Street. Aubrey's business prospered and, by the 1890s, sold all kinds of optical and mathematical instruments, photographic and electrical equipment. One of his products, the Presto camera, was a very simple, fairly cheap camera, which was very successful, selling more than 28,000 in 10 years. In 1897, the firm gave the first demonstration of Edison's cinematograph in the north of England. Around 1917, the business was taken over by Aubrey's son-in-law, Maurice Saffer, who kept the company's name, A. Franks Ltd. Under his management, Franks Ltd became the first firm to bring radio and television to the Manchester area. During the 1920s, the firm's main premises remained at King Street and Deansgate, but there were also branches on Oxford Street, Victoria Street and Market Street, a wholesale department on South King Street and a branch at Bradshaw Gate in Bolton. The firm continued to prosper and was managed by Maurice Saffer until his death in 1947. The business was eventually sold it to the opticians Dollond \u0026amp; Aitchison in 1950.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"columns medium-8\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order and finds North well. The glass, needle, folding sights, and compass card are all in very good condition. There is some wear to the original blackened or bronzed finish of the brass case. The transit lock is activated when the sights are folded and is in perfect working order. The lid fits very well.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 50mm x 20mm\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43209890398359,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/files\/FranksManchesterCompass-25.jpg?v=1690904271"},{"product_id":"ww1-german-shell-case-trench-art-dinner-gong","title":"WW1 German Shell Case Trench Art Dinner Gong","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: #808080;\"\u003eA rare German army 7.7cm Field Gun shell case dinner gong, on a wooden base. The brass shell case dates from 1910, and is stamped on the base with various reference numbers and markings, including: ’Rh M F, ‘68’, ’Sep 0\/10’, ‘Crown 27’, ’St’, and ‘Dusseldorf'. 'Rh MF’ stands for the manufacturer - the Rheinische Munitions Fabrik, ’St’ means the shell case was strengthened, the Crown mark and number 27 are the Prussian acceptance stamps, and ’68’ is the lot number.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: #808080;\"\u003eThe case is suspended above its wooden base by a clever combination of a metal pin inside the case (sited where the primer would have been) which locates inside a metal tube on the base (see photos). The case then ‘floats’ just above the brass plate on the wooden base. The whole thing has been very well done and the result is a very unusual, and highly decorative item.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: #808080;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7.7cm F.K. 96 Gun: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe The 7.7 cm Feldkanone 96 neuer Art (7.7 cm FK 96 n.A.) was a field gun used by Germany in WW1. The gun combined the barrel of the earlier 7.7 cm FK 96 with a recoil system, a new breech and a new carriage. Existing FK 96s were upgraded over time. The FK 96 n.A. was shorter-ranged, but lighter than the French Canon de 75 modèle 1897 or the British Ordnance QF 18 pounder gun. The Germans placed a premium on mobility, which served them well during the early stages of WW1. However, once the front had become static, the greater rate of fire of the French gun and the heavier shells fired by the British gun put the Germans at a disadvantage. The Germans remedied this by developing the longer-ranged, but heavier 7.7 cm FK 16. As with most guns of its era, the FK 96 n.A. had seats for two crewmen mounted on its splinter shield. The 7.7 cm gun remained in service with the armies of Finland, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia until the 1930s.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn very good condition, with minor signs of wear and use and some small marks. The shell case is in very good condition, and the markings on the base are crisp and clear. The wooden base is in very good condition.\u003cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; color: #808080;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBrass Case base diameter:\u003c\/strong\u003e 91mm, Shell case length: 227mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWooden base:\u003c\/strong\u003e 150mm x 150mm\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43275003658391,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/files\/Germanshellcasegong-35.jpg?v=1756370453"},{"product_id":"h-hughes-son-singers-patent-compass-c-1880","title":"H. Hughes \u0026 Son Singer's Patent Compass c.1880","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Hughes \u0026amp; Son Singer's Patent-type luminous pocket compass, dating from c.1880. The paper compass card is hand drawn in the classic Singer's design, and signed by 'H. Hughes \u0026amp; Son, London. It is likely that the compass was made by Francis Barker \u0026amp; Son and retailed by Hughes, as the compass card is identical to those known to have been made by Barker. The compass has luminous paint markers at the four cardinal points. This type of luminous paint, most probably an early version of 'Balmain's Luminous Paint' was a compound of calcium sulphide. The paint was made luminous by exposure to sunlight or by burning a strip of magnesium ribbon near the compass card. It was patented in England by William Balmain, and was often used in compasses during the last quarter of the 19th century. The compass has a jewelled pivot, brass box case, and a push-fit lid. The case retains much of its original lacquered finish. There is also a mark inside the lid where the oval instruction label would originally have been glued to the interior of the lid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH. Hughes \u0026amp; Son:\u003c\/strong\u003e the company was founded in 1828, originally as a clock maker, optician, and nautical instrument maker in the East End of London. They supplied sextants and chronometers to ships coming into the Thames. Henry Hughes and his brother Joseph were both apprenticed to their father in the early 19th century. Henry was known to have been working from 1840 at 3 Union Terrace, Commercial Road, London, from 1845-55 at 120 Fenchurch Street, from 1859-75 at 50 Fenchurch Street and from 1867 at 36 Trinity Square, Tower Hill. Henry's son, Alexander joined the firm in 1875 and it became H. Hughes \u0026amp; Son. In 1903 the company became H. Hughes \u0026amp; Son Ltd, and continued to trade into the 1940s. In 1947 the company merged with Kelvin Bottomley \u0026amp; Baird Ltd. to become Kelvin \u0026amp; Hughes Limited.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFrancis Barker \u0026amp; Son\u003c\/strong\u003e: were established in London in 1848, as a maker of compasses and scientific instruments. Francis Barker produced a very wide range of compass designs over the years, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond, and many others. The company prospered until 1932, when it was taken over and became F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932). After WW2 the company changed hands several times and is now part of Pyser-Optics of Edenbridge in Kent. They continue to produce the renowned Barker M-73, widely acknowledged to be the world's finest prismatic compass. Further details of Barker compasses can be found in Paul Crepsel's excellent book\u003cem data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTrade Mark London \u003c\/em\u003e(available to view online).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSamuel Berry Singer (1796 - c.1875)\u003c\/strong\u003e was a master mariner from Southampton when he patented his unique design in July 1861. Its high contrast design was intended to be much easier to read in low light than conventional compasses of the time. His design was widely adopted by scientific instrument makers, but Singer himself did not benefit greatly from his invention, the patent lapsed in 1868, and he ended his days living in poverty in Kincardine on the Firth of Forth. Versions of his design continued to be made until the First World War.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn very good condition and full working order. The compass finds North very well. The compass card and glass are in very good condition. The case and lid are in very good condition, with a few marks and some wear to the original lacquered brass finish.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 52mm x 25mm\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43669976744087,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/files\/HughesCompassYY-20.jpg?v=1707232378"},{"product_id":"nairne-blunt-pocket-compass-c-1780","title":"Nairne \u0026 Blunt Pocket Compass c.1780","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very rare Georgian pocket compass, made in London by Nairne \u0026amp; Blunt around 1780. The compass is signed inside the lid by 'Nairne \u0026amp; Blunt, London'. \u003cstrong\u003eEdward Nairne \u003c\/strong\u003e(1726-1806) was one of the finest scientific instrument makers of the period, and his association with \u003cstrong\u003eThomas Blunt \u003c\/strong\u003e(c.1740-1823) began when he took Blunt on as his apprentice in 1760, before they went into partnership together in 1774, describing themselves as 'Optical and Mathematical Instrument Makers to His Majesty'.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis type of wooden cased compass was produced from the middle of the 18th century to the early 19th century. The compass has a mahogany case, silvered and engraved compass card, flat needle, and jewelled pivot. It also has a transit lock, operated by a small pin and lever which operates when the lid is closed. The compass is in full working order and finds North well. One very unusual feature is the circular brass plate that is fixed to the base of the compass case - presumably to give the compass improved durability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNairne \u0026amp; Blunt:\u003c\/strong\u003e was a partnership formed by Edward Nairne and his former apprentice Thomas Blunt in 1774, trading from 20 Cornhill, London. Edward Nairne was born in Sandwich in 1726 and was apprenticed at the age of fifteen to the scientific instrument maker Matthew Loft. When Loft died in 1748 Nairne took over the business. In 1749 Nairne took on the first of his apprentices and went on to train several important figures - including Jesse Ramsden, and Thomas Blunt - who joined the company in 1760. Nairne was one of the finest instrument makers of the time, and during his partnership with Blunt he held a Royal Appointment to George III, was a Fellow of The Royal Society, became Master of the Spectacle Makers Guild, and held an Appointment to the Royal Greenwich Observatory. Nairne patented several electrical machines, including an electrostatic generator, and constructed the first successful marine barometer. The instrument was suspended from gimbals mounted within a freestanding frame to provide additional stability at sea. James Cook used one of these barometers on his second voyage to the South Pacific. Nairne is also credited with inventing the rubber eraser. Prior to using rubber, breadcrumbs were used as erasers. Nairne claimed to have inadvertently picked up a piece of rubber instead of breadcrumbs, discovered its erasing properties, and began selling the very first rubber erasers. In 1770 Nairne was selling these cubes of natural rubber at his shop at 20 Cornhill for 3 shillings per half-inch cube.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThomas Blunt may initially have been the junior partner, as Nairne was already a very well established and respected maker, but Blunt soon became a significant maker in his own right. He is known to have worked with Jean De Magellan on the development of his “new” barometer, and by 1792, Blunt had risen to become Master of the Spectacle Makers Guild. Nairne and Blunt's partnership came to an end in July 1793, with Nairne announcing the parting of the ways in the press on July 24th. The reason for the partnership ending is unknown. Nairne continued to trade at 20 Cornhill until his retirement in 1801, whilst Blunt set up shop next door at 22 Cornhill. In September 1805, just a few weeks before the Battle of Trafalgar, Blunt is known to have supplied telescopes to Admiral Nelson - Nelson writing to Blunt about the order whilst his flagship \u003cem\u003eHMS Victory\u003c\/em\u003e was off the Portuguese coast near Lisbon.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eNairne died in 1806 and Blunt continued to trade, eventually taking on his sons, Charles, Thomas Jr and Edward. Charles is known to have been working with his father by 1801 under the business name of Thomas Blunt \u0026amp; Son. The business became T\u0026amp;T Blunt with the inclusion of his middle son Thomas Jr. This arrangement prevailed for about ten years until the early 1820’s, when the business continued as Blunt \u0026amp; Son with his youngest son, Edward. Thomas Blunt Sr died in 1823 leaving the business to his younger son, but Edward died aged only 28, after which the business was sold to Thomas Harris \u0026amp; Son.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn very good condition, and full working order. The compass points strongly to North. The wooden case is in very good condition, with a small but completely stable crack at one edge near NW. The interior of the lid is signed 'Nairne \u0026amp; Blunt, London'. The original glass, silvered compass card, and flat needle are all in very good condition. The transit lock is working well, locking the needle when the lid is closed. The lid closes well with strong hinges and is secured by twin '7' shaped clasps, one on each side of the case. The bottom of the case features a very rare and unusual circular brass plate, secured by six brass screws (one screw is missing).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 85mm x 85mm x 20mm\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43697549148311,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/files\/NairneBluntCompass-47.jpg?v=1708367915"},{"product_id":"francis-barker-singers-pocket-compass-c-1870","title":"Francis Barker Singer's Pocket Compass c.1870","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Francis Barker \u0026amp; Son Singer's Patent type pocket compass, dating from c.1870. The compass card design is based on the classic Singer's Patent design of the 1860s. With a fine hand-painted Mother of Pearl compass card, jewelled pivot, and transit lock. The compass glass is marked in red with the four cardinal points. The brass case would originally have had a bronzed finish, but this has worn away over time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany of the compasses made by Francis Barker were sold unsigned to the retail trade, with the retailer often signing them and selling them on as their own products. But this compass is one of the relatively few compasses that was signed on the card by 'Francis Barker \u0026amp; Son Makers, London', and also has the pre-1875 Barker 'Trade Mark London' logo stamped inside the lid.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrancis Barker \u0026amp; Son\u003c\/strong\u003e: were established in London in 1848, as a maker of compasses and scientific instruments. Francis Barker produced a very wide range of compass designs over the years, supplying major retailers such as Negretti \u0026amp; Zambra, J. Lizars, C. W. Dixey, Dollond, and many others. The company prospered until 1932, when it was taken over and became F. Barker \u0026amp; Son (1932). After WW2 the company changed hands several times and the name is now owned by Pyser Optics of Edenbridge in Kent. They continue to produce the renowned Barker M-73, widely acknowledged to be the world's finest prismatic compass. Further details of Barker compasses can be found in Paul Crepsel's excellent book\u003cem\u003e \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTrade Mark London \u003c\/em\u003e(available to view online at trademarklondon.com).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compass is in very good condition, full working order, and points to North - although it can be a little slow to settle. The brass case is in good condition, with some minor signs of wear. The lid opens and closes well. The mother of pearl compass card, jewelled pivot, and glass are all in very good condition. The transit lock is working well.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions :\u003c\/strong\u003e 45mm (65mm including loop)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43703079567511,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/files\/BarkerRGSMOP-16.jpg?v=1709718827"},{"product_id":"elliot-brothers-pocket-sundial-compass-c-1853","title":"Elliot Brothers Pocket Sundial Compass c.1853","description":"\u003cp\u003eA rare early example of an English brass pocket Sundial Compass or Pantochronometer, made by Elliot Brothers of London c.1853, and signed on the dial 'Elliot Brothers, 56 Strand'. This sundial compass has a domed-lid brass case, and a paper compass card with a brass gnomon. There is a lever-operated transit lock which locks the compass card when the lid is replaced and moved into the locked position. The original paper label inside the lid includes instructions for the use of the sundial at different times of the year. Various types of wooden domed-glass sundial compasses were produced in England in the first half of the 19th century - including the 'Magnetic Sundial' made by Samuel Porter in 1824 - but high quality brass cased versions like this one by Elliot Brothers are much more uncommon.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis type of sundial compass - a floating sundial on a compass card - is also known as a Pantochronometer or 'Magnetic Dial'. The system was already in use in the 18th century, but the term \u003cspan style=\"font-style: italic;\"\u003ePantochronometer\u003c\/span\u003e was apparently coined in the 1820's by Charles Essex, an optician whose shop was at 28 Gloucester Street, Clerkenwell, London. He is mentioned in an article published in \u003cem\u003eThe London Literary Gazette\u003c\/em\u003e in December 1825, in which the Pantochronometer is decribed as 'one of those clever little philosophical instruments, the invention of which does credit to the ingenuity of modern science. It has been produced by Mr Charles Essex and is at once a curious and useful thing. In a box, about the size of a small snuff-box, are combined the machinery of a compass, sun-dial, and universal time-dial; and a compass card, a gnomon, and an indexed border, form the whole of the simple process. It is a desirable power to be able to pull this \"dial from your poke\" and ascertain at once what o'clock it is, the situation of the spot where you are, and the way you ought to go. We must say it is a very neat and ingenious production'. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(\u003cem\u003eThanks to compassmuseum.com for the information about Charles Essex. \u003c\/em\u003eFurther details of sundial compass design, and the history of pocket sundial compasses, can be found at the excellent compassmuseum.com website, page: http:\/\/www.compassmuseum.com\/sundials\/sundials.htm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElliot Brothers:\u003c\/strong\u003e was established at Gray's Inn in London by William Elliot (1781-1853) as a maker of drawing instruments. By 1807 he had moved to High Holborn, and by 1816 he was manufacturing items such as telescopes and barometers. In 1830 he moved to 56 Strand and was joined in the business by his two sons, Frederick Henry Elliot and Charles Alfred Elliot, and they expanded into producing a wide variety of scientific instruments. William Elliot died in 1853 and his sons continued the business as Elliot Brothers. In 1865 Charles Elliot retired and Frederick continued to run Elliot Brothers until his death in 1873, leaving the business to his wife. During the late 19th century the company also manufactured electrical instruments, and in 1893 they amalgamated with Theiler \u0026amp; Co. Telegraph and Instrument Makers. In 1900 the company moved to new premises at the Century Works in Lewisham. In 1916 a new company was formed - this was known as Elliot Brothers (London) Ltd and continued to produce scientific and mathemtcal instruments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCondition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn very good condition, full working order and finds North very well. The brass case is in very good condition, with minor signs of wear and a few marks. The lid fits very well. The original domed glass is in very good condition, the transit lock is fully functional, and the paper compass card and gnomon are in very good condition. The original paper instructions label inside the lid is in very good condition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDimensions: 50mm diameter x 25mm height\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Compass Library","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43835139686551,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/files\/ElliotSundialCompass-15.jpg?v=1711547302"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0275\/6131\/collections\/Enamel_wide_-_1.jpg?v=1491571102","url":"https:\/\/www.compasslibrary.com\/en-se\/collections\/sold.oembed?page=2","provider":"Compass Library","version":"1.0","type":"link"}